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now with the March 1st deadline looming to thrash out a trade deal between the

world's two biggest economic powerhouses the US and China is set to sit down for

last-minute negotiations in Beijing over the next couple of days will they be

able to strike a deal and bring some much-needed stability back to the global

economy Eason Jay reports US Treasury secretary

Stephen minutiae arrived in China a few days ahead of his high-level meetings

with Chinese officials in Beijing sounding optimistic a deal that

satisfies both sides will be reached by the March 1st deadline with negotiations

kicking off Thursday minutiae will be joined by US Trade Representative Robert

light Heiser as well as David Malpass president Trump's pick to lead the World

Bank China's delegation will be led by vice premier Liu ha alongside the

governor of China's central bank Yi Gong the two-day talks come as Washington and

Beijing agreed to a three-month ceasefire in December at the g20 summit

in Argentina the Trump administration suspended its plan to increase tariffs

on 200 billion dollars worth of Chinese imports to 25 percent from the current

10% the hope was that it would give negotiators enough time to settle the

trade spat that has triggered fears of a global economic slowdown president Trump

has expressed his own optimism about reaching a deal and even suggested this

week that he might be open to postponing the current deadline so both sides can

reach an agreement diplomatic sources say Trump may sit down with Chinese

President Xi Jinping sometime in March once an agreement is sealed president xi

is expected to meet with the US delegation in Beijing on Friday as they

hope to shake hands on a deal as quickly as possible

easing Jay Arirang news

For more infomation >> U.S., China set for trade negotiation talks in Beijing as deadline looms - Duration: 2:01.

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US 1970S 5 Cents Nickel Coin United States - Duration: 6:13.

Hello all of you coin aficionados out there and Welcome to the DCCoin World International Coin Channel

Today we have the 1970 S US nickel or 5 cent coin

I'm showing you the back because something kind of cool happened when I went to magnify these

If you look at the 2 coins and the way the light hits them you can see that they are a little worn

Especially on the top of the dome. All the nickel is showing through

So the way the light hits these they have a blue line on them across the top of Monticello

saw this and I said "hey wait one second did somebody mark these up with a pen or something?"

and I tried to erase that blue line on there and it turns out that it's not a blue line

it's just the way the light is hitting the metal

I go back like that see there's no blue on there it's just this really funky

light hitting the metal and the way it hits the nickel on there it changes the

color to blue and it's just a light spectrum issue it's it's the way that

this lamp that I'm using for these emits wavelengths, different wavelengths

of light and so I'm getting this kind of blue line on it but if I tip it up and

change it you kind of lose you can lose most of the blue just by tipping it up

and going the other way well I'm gonna try to lose some of that blue anyways

this is the nickel it's from 1970 and when we flip it over you will see the S

is on here and I did a video of the 1969 snake S mint mark so feel free to look

at that and when I did that I pulled some of these 1970 coins to look what the

s should look like rather than yes and that snake S mint mark and this is what

the S should look like right down here and over here

now if you look at the two of these you'll see that they both look different.

This one got a little bit smashed and it widened up the S little bit. We'll call that Post Mint Damage or PMD

that doesn't surprise me simply because the whole side here is a little smashed

when you look at it so that this one's a little wider than this one this one's a

little flatter and this one got smashed in a different way

so this is this is the S clearly from San Francisco this is the other S from San

Francisco this one has a little bit more of a bottom on it and the one I had from

1969 and my other video actually has an S that keeps going across I call it the

snake S. Now this is a Jefferson nickel it says In God We Trust here Liberty

then there's a star thee are hard to see the star in each one's a little bit

easier to see it on that one but that's a star that's just worn down and then

the year 1970 and then the mint mark here in addition underneath the bottom

of Jefferson is an FS there can you see that FS that's for Felix Schlag who was

the engraver of this coin and when I pulled this one for the 1969 video

You can't see anything at all there so it kind of got beat up really bad this

particular coin here and you can see that the markings and everything and see how

dented in it is and you can't see the FS there but that's what would be there if

it hadn't got kind of chipped out and on the other one same coin you can see most the FS on here

Now these coins were made from 1938 until 2003 and

in 1970 they only made them at two mints they made the D at Denver and they made

the S at San Francisco and I'll show you up I just said 1970 D here and so they

stick the D way down in there so that's a 1970 D this is a 1970 S I'm not going to

show you what 1970 Philadelphia because they didn't mint them in Philly in 1970

I'm not saying that they had a blank here for Philadelphia like they do on

some other coins there's no minting production of 5 Cents coins at all in Philly in 1970

so at Denver they did 515.5 million

and at San Francisco this particular coin they did 238.8 million

These coins are kind of fun but they have no real value beyond the 5 Cents

You can often find them in your change so I keep looking for in at them and

if you do look at them just blow the magnification up if you get a chance

and see if you can see any kind of errors or problems with them because once in a while you can but I

should say these S is this flat S that's not a problem that occurred afterwards

these holes in his head and the way that touches a rim this is all wear and it

makes sense that over the course of forty nine years the D's would kind of

wear down what doesn't make sense in which is really interesting is how well

they hold up so these two coins I just got I did I've got I have ten rolls of

nickels and these two coins were just in those ten rolls and nickels so you can

still find them out there and they're kind of fun but they're not worth

anything so if you're collecting these because you want to make a big payday

it's not going to happen these coins are worth a nickel and I'm guessing they'll

probably always be worth a nickel but keep looking for them out there and

watch out when you do any kind of magnification and special lighting watch

out for the blue lines that appear once in a while on the tops of the the coins

or the nickel part of the nickel part that sticks out towards the light have a

great day from DC Coin World International Coin Channel

For more infomation >> US 1970S 5 Cents Nickel Coin United States - Duration: 6:13.

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Rep. Kinzinger Deployed To US-Mexico Border - Duration: 0:32.

For more infomation >> Rep. Kinzinger Deployed To US-Mexico Border - Duration: 0:32.

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U.S. sanctions 9 Iranians, 2 entities for 'Covert Malicious' actions - Duration: 1:46.

the United States has imposed new sanctions on nine Iranian citizens and

two entities that it says are engaged in malicious covert actions against

Americans for more on this story in other news from around the world let's

turn to our no Adam sir Adam tell us more

well the sanctions were announced by Treasury Secretary Stephen minuchin on

Wednesday the targeted entities include the new horizon organization which the

Treasury Department says hosts international conferences aimed at

recruiting and collecting intelligence from foreign attendees the other is the

net pay guard a summer VAT company they are both accused of helping Tehran spy

on Americans both at home and abroad through cyber attacks and other covert

operations nine individuals linked to the organizations were also sanctioned

US prosecutors have also charged a former US Air Force officer who had

high-level security clearance with collaborating with Iran's military to

spy on her former American colleagues Monica Alfred Witte defected to Iran six

years ago and is thought to have supplied classified information - about

about US spy techniques and the people who took part in them - the Iranian

government she was reported to have been recruited for the operation after

attending two conferences in Iran organized by new horizon Washington says

net pay guard used the information supplied by wit to launch a cyber

campaign in 2014 that tracked the activities of her former colleagues wit

remains at large and was last seen in Southwest Asia in July 2013

For more infomation >> U.S. sanctions 9 Iranians, 2 entities for 'Covert Malicious' actions - Duration: 1:46.

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United States Orders Emmerson Mnangagwa and Nelson Chamisa To Dialogue - Duration: 2:47.

For more infomation >> United States Orders Emmerson Mnangagwa and Nelson Chamisa To Dialogue - Duration: 2:47.

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U.S. sanctions 9 Iranians, 2 entities for 'Covert Malicious' actions - Duration: 1:42.

the United States has imposed new sanctions on nine Iranian citizens and

two entities that it says are engaged in malicious covert actions against

Americans for more on this story in other news from around the world let's

turn to our know Adam so Adam tell us more well Martha sanctions were

announced by Treasury Secretary Stephen minuchin on Wednesday the target

identities include the new horizon organization which the Treasury

Department says hosts international conferences aimed at recruiting and

collecting intelligence from foreign attendees the other is the net pay guard

Sanna vet company they are both accused of helping Tehran spy on Americans both

at home and abroad through cyber attacks and other covert operations nine

individuals linked to the organizations were also sanctioned u.s. prosecutors

have also charged a former US Air Force officer who had high-level security

clearance with collaborating with Iran's military to spy on her former American

colleagues Monica Alfred Witte defected to Iran six years ago and his thoughts

have supplied classified information about u.s. spy techniques and the people

who took part in them to the Iranian government she was reported to have been

recruited for the operation after attending two conferences in Iran

organized by a new horizon Washington says net pay guard used that information

supplied by wit to launch a cyber campaign in 2014 that tracked the

activities of her former colleagues wit remains at large Dan was last seen in

Southwest Asia in July 2013

For more infomation >> U.S. sanctions 9 Iranians, 2 entities for 'Covert Malicious' actions - Duration: 1:42.

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U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi says N. Korea needs to put words into action - Duration: 0:36.

US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has told a group of visiting South Korean officials

that the intention of North Korean leader Kim jong-un is to demilitarized

South Korea rather than denuclearize his own regime meeting with South Korean

parliamentary leaders led by national assembly speaker moon hee-sang in

Washington on Wednesday Pelosi also stressed it's time for the north to put

his words into action she added that she's hopeful rather than optimistic

about the South Korean people's expectations to establish lasting peace

on the Korean Peninsula

For more infomation >> U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi says N. Korea needs to put words into action - Duration: 0:36.

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U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi says N. Korea needs to put words into action - Duration: 0:38.

US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is told a group of visiting South Korean officials

that the intention of North Korean leader Kim jong-un is to demilitarized

South Korea rather than denuclearize his own regime meeting with South Korean

parliamentary leaders led by national assembly speaker moon hee-sang in

Washington on Wednesday Pelosi also stressed it's time for the north to put

its words into action she added that she's hopeful rather than optimistic

about the South Korean people's expectations to establish lasting peace

on the Korean Peninsula

For more infomation >> U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi says N. Korea needs to put words into action - Duration: 0:38.

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SMS Marketing in the United States - What You Need to Know - Duration: 4:29.

Hi, I'm Derek Johnson with tatango.com.

I'm gonna be talking today about text message marketing in the United States.

So tatango.com is a software provider that provides messaging solutions for brands in

the United States to send text messages to their customers.

And those customers must also be in the United States.

So I get a lot of questions from people outside the United States that maybe want to target

their customers in the United States or maybe they're just interested in text message marketing

and the difference between text messaging in the United States and text messaging in

other places.

There's actually two big differences that marketers need to know when their text message...their

customers in the United States.

Those two things are first, we have a federal law in the United States that protects consumers

from text message spam, it's called the "Telephone Consumer Protection Act," pretty long one.

Some people call it the "TCPA."

And essentially, it says that you cannot text message customers or consumers or anybody

without their permission.

And that permission has to be very, very specific you know, you can't get it in a roundabout

way.

It has to be a consumer saying, "Yes, please text message me.

Here's my phone number."

Now there's a lot more legal stuff that goes into it but for the sake of this video, I'm

just keeping it simple.

So that's why in the United States when you ask people you know, "Hey, do you receive

a lot of text message spam?"

Most consumers will say "no" or, "I've never received text message spam," because we have

federal law in place.

And with that federal law, it allows consumers in the United States to sue companies if they

do send text message spam.

And you're gonna be shocked if you're from outside the United States, what you can sue

a brand for is between $1,500 and $500 per text message.

Now, that's not one mass text message, that's every single person on a list can sue for

every single text message they receive that is unwanted or spam anywhere from $500 to

$1,500.

That's a big deterrent in the United States for text message marketing spam.

So, that's the first kind of thing that separates the United States from a lot of other countries

and sometimes is a shock, they're not ready for you know, the TCPA or they're not aware

of that.

So you definitely want to be aware of it if you are going to be spending or receiving

text messages with people in the United States.

The second portion or the second interesting thing about text message marketing in the

United States is it has to be run on shortcodes.

Now, some countries also have shortcodes but the United States is very specific and the

wireless carriers are very specific.

They say if you're doing marketing text messages, they have to be run on shortcodes.

A shortcut is a five to six-digit phone number, so hypothetically 12345 or 123456, that is

assigned to a brand and that's their shortcode and they send and receive messages via that

shortcode.

So in many other parts of the countries, you can use what is called a long code or you

can use a regular phone number.

But in the United States, if you're doing text message marketing, you have to use a

shortcode.

So that sometimes is a shock as well to people that are thinking about coming to the United

States to do text message marketing to their customers.

So two big differences between text message marketing in the United States and other places

outside the United States.

One is we have a federal law, which prohibits text message spam and has serious consequences

as you can see.

And then the second is for text message marketing, you have to use a shortcode that's mandated

by the wireless carriers.

So two different things to know if you're coming to the United States or if you're just

interested in text message marketing in the United States.

For more infomation >> SMS Marketing in the United States - What You Need to Know - Duration: 4:29.

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Why The US Military Can't Upgrade From Windows XP? - Duration: 5:24.

The US military is widely known as the most technologically advanced on earth, with a

budget that's larger than the next eight militaries combined.

It has brought revolutionary technologies to warfighting such as GPS precision guided

munitions, the fastest aircraft ever created, and the toughest tanks on earth- yet for all

its technological prowess, you'd be surprised to learn that the US military still largely

operates on a 17 year old platform: Windows XP.

The US military is hardly unique in its refusal to upgrade to newer version of windows after

the release of Windows XP, and in 2014 when Microsoft officially ended supporting the

aging platform it still accounted for 30 percent of operating systems worldwide.

Within the pentagon's several million computers, about 3 percent of them were still running

Windows XP.

While the various branches of the military have undergone efforts to replace the aging

operating system, the simple truth is that it's just not as easy as a quick software

upgrade.

Many of the pentagon's computers run what are called mission-critical functions, and

that means that these computers cannot be at risk of failing ever.

New operating systems come with new risks and vulnerabilities, while old software may

have its own flaws but is proven and reliable.

In the chaos of war, you always want to bet on reliable, so the US military spends millions

on contracts with Microsoft to maintain support for platforms from Windows XP to Windows 2003,

and other legacy Microsoft products- support no other organization in the world gets.

Yet legacy computing systems come with serious downsides that only pile up as time goes on.

Legacy systems lag behind state-of-the-art computing, until as described by Cynthia Dion-Schwarz,

a senior scientist at the RAND Corp, "you start to feel like it's being held together

with chewing gum and duct tape."

Massive performance slowdowns aren't the only problem with using legacy systems though,

as military personnel may actually find it difficult to use these older systems due to

outdated or clunky interfaces and their own exposure to modern systems.

The biggest risk however is cybersecurity- while legacy systems have been thoroughly

explored and vetted over the years that they were supported by Microsoft and in wide use,

they may still contain hidden system flaws deep within their code that could be exploited

by hackers.

Newer systems meanwhile enjoy the benefit of being in active use by millions or billions

of people, with vulnerabilities and flaws being constantly discovered, identified, and

quickly fixed by Microsoft.

It's a strange conundrum for the US military- older systems have the benefit of age and

thus have likely had the bulk of security flaws and bugs already discovered and addressed,

but because fewer and fewer people use them any undiscovered flaws could be that much

more catastrophic if exploited.

Meanwhile newer systems may have a lot of undiscovered flaws and bugs, but due to the

massive amounts of people using them, they can be quickly discovered and corrected.

The solution may sound easy: just use a fraction of the massive Pentagon's budget to upgrade

all computers to the latest version of Windows, how hard could it really be?

Upgrading administrative computers would pose very little challenge even for an organization

as large as the US military, In 2018 the US army upgraded 950,000 office IT computers

to Windows 10 and became the first military branch to complete the Windows 10 upgrade

push.

The US Air Force followed next, hitting its targets in spring 2018 and the US Navy hitting

theirs by summer 2018.

Yet even these massive numbers of computer upgrades are not the whole story.

The truth is that most of the US military's computers aren't sitting in air conditioned

offices as they may be with a large corporation.

Instead most of the US military's computers are flying in aircraft and floating in vessels

all around the world.

Upgrading these computers means tinkering with computer systems that directly support

active military operations and might even directly control navigation or weapon systems

for tanks, warplanes and warships.

Known as "windows boxes" these computers host specialized software that is mission

critical, and that means that any upgrade must be thoroughly tested to ensure it is

compatible with this specialized software.

What would normally be a simple upgrade that asks you to insert a disk and click a mouse

button turns into a delicate operation that requires a new operating system to be thoroughly

vetted to interface and work with the highly specialized software that fires a tank's guns,

regulates a jet fighter's engines, or keeps a multi-billion dollar aircraft carrier on

course.

Plus, that specialized weapon system, navigation, and communications software was typically

built specifically to be used with the legacy windows system that its computer uses.

This can make upgrading to new versions of windows extremely risky and tricky both.

In the words of thomas Sasala, director of the US Army Architecture Integration Center

and chief data officer, "We cannot risk deploying a mission critical solution to the

field and have it fail during a critical mission."

When lives are at risk and military success is on the line, its no surprise that the US

military is reluctant and slow to upgrade from Windows XP, but the truth is that as

time goes on, keeping its most sensitive mission-critical computer systems running a legacy operating

system may expose them to critical cybersecurity threats.

Upgrades are necessary, but any upgrade must never put the US's warfighting capabilities

at risk, and with all the vetting and testing necessary to ensure that goal, it is likely

that by the time Windows XP is phased out completely from US military computer systems,

the Windows version that they are installed with will already be at the end of its lifetime.

If you liked this video, make sure you check out Why Is The Government Terrified Of This

Hacker?

Make sure you subscribe and we'll see you next time!

For more infomation >> Why The US Military Can't Upgrade From Windows XP? - Duration: 5:24.

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News Wrap: House votes to limit U.S. involvement in Yemen - Duration: 6:22.

In the days other news: The U.S. House of Representatives voted to limit U.S. involvement

in the war in Yemen, in a rebuke to President Trump.

It would force a withdrawal of U.S. military assistance to a Saudi-led bombing campaign

against Iranian-backed rebels in Yemen.

The measure goes to the Senate now, where a similar resolution passed last year.

The White House has promised to veto.

We will hear reaction to this from Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in our interview.

That airs in just a few minutes.

President Trump sought today to step up the pressure on Venezuela's President Nicolas

Maduro.

He said again that he is looking at all options if Maduro refuses to surrender power.

But at a congressional hearing, the chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee warned

against using the U.S. military in Venezuela, unless Congress approves.

REP.

ELIOT ENGEL (D), New York: I want to make clear to our witnesses and to everyone else

watching, U.S. military intervention is not an option.

Congress decides when, where and how the U.S. military is used around the world, and Congress

wouldn't support military intervention in Venezuela.

JUDY WOODRUFF: The U.S. has recognized opposition leader Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful

leader.

A former U.S. Air Force intelligence officer has been charged with revealing U.S. national

defense secrets to Iran.

Monica Witt defected to Iran in 2013.

The Justice Department announced the indictment today.

It said that she also helped hackers target her former colleagues.

Witt remains at large.

The socialist government of Spain may have to call early elections after it lost a crucial

budget vote today.

Catalan separatists joined conservatives in opposition.

The Catalan deputies are unhappy with the government's refusal to consider an independence

referendum for their region.

Back in this country, New Jersey's Roman Catholic Diocese named more than 180 priests who have

been credibly accused of sexually molesting minors.

The allegations span several decades.

Many of those listed are now deceased.

Others have been removed from the ministry, and some have been charged with crimes.

Separately, the Diocese of Richmond, Virginia, named 42 accused priests.

The superintendents of the U.S. service academies faced bipartisan criticism in Congress today

over sexual assault and harassment.

A Pentagon study last month found a 50 percent jump in incidents at the schools in the last

two years.

At a House hearing, California Democrat Jackie Speier said she's putting the academies on

notice.

REP.

JACKIE SPEIER (D), California: This isn't a blip, a MeToo bump or some accident.

It is a clear illustration of a destructive trend and a systemic problem.

It's time for us to recognize that this is a crisis.

And I intend to watch it like a hawk.

JUDY WOODRUFF: The ranking Republican on the committee joined in, saying the problem needs

immediate attention.

An investigation has found that no evidence that Catholic school students used racist

or offensive language in an incident at the Lincoln Memorial.

The encounter last month involved teenagers from a school in Covington, Kentucky, and

Native American activists.

Videos of it quickly went viral.

The investigation was done for the Catholic Diocese of Covington.

Brock Long is resigning as head of FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

He notified his staff in a letter today.

Long's departure comes several months after an investigation found that he misused government

vehicles.

He agreed to reimburse the government.

NASA said goodbye today to its Opportunity rover, after nearly 15 years of exploring

the surface of Mars.

The golf-cart-sized vehicle was launched in 2003, alongside its twin, Spirit, for a mission

of just over 90 days.

Instead, Spirit lasted until several years ago, and Opportunity carried on until a ferocious

dust storm last June.

JOHN CALLAS, NASA: We tried valiantly over these last eight months to try to recover

the rover, to get some signal from it.

We listened every single day, and we heard nothing.

And so it comes time to say goodbye.

But we want to remember the 14-and-a-half years of phenomenal exploration.

JUDY WOODRUFF: We're sad too.

Opportunity set endurance and distance records, and along with it -- along with Spirit, it

found evidence that water once flowed on the surface of Mars.

Longtime conspiracy theorist and eight-time presidential candidate Lyndon LaRouche has

died.

He was known for extremist views and outrageous claims, including one that Britain's Queen

Elizabeth was a drug trafficker.

Lyndon LaRouche was 96 years old.

T-Mobile and Sprint pledged again today not to raise prices for three years if their merger

wins federal approval.

But Democrats at a House hearing questioned whether the Trump administration would hold

the companies to that pledge.

The merger is worth $26.5 billion.

It would unite the nation's third and fourth largest wireless carriers.

And on Wall Street, stocks made modest gains, over optimism about U.S.-China trade talks.

The Dow Jones industrial average was up 117 points to close at 25543.

The Nasdaq rose five, and the S&P 500 added eight.

And a wire fox terrier named king is this year's top dog at the Westminster Kennel Club

dog show in New York.

The 7-year-old won best in show last night in the nation's most prestigious canine competition.

Overall, more than 2,800 dogs took part.

Wire fox terriers have won Westminster 13 times, far more than any other breed.

They have it wired.

Still to come on the "NewsHour": a wide-ranging conversation with Secretary of State Mike

Pompeo; Republican Senator John Thune on the effort to avert another government shutdown;

forms of universal health care pick up steam among Democrats; and much more.

For more infomation >> News Wrap: House votes to limit U.S. involvement in Yemen - Duration: 6:22.

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In Conversation With U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor - Duration: 1:11:40.

For more infomation >> In Conversation With U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor - Duration: 1:11:40.

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Mexican Federales Respond To Asylum Seekers Near U.S. Border | Velshi & Ruhle | MSNBC - Duration: 3:16.

For more infomation >> Mexican Federales Respond To Asylum Seekers Near U.S. Border | Velshi & Ruhle | MSNBC - Duration: 3:16.

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Battle for border wall goes on between Catholic Church, US government - Duration: 2:00.

For more infomation >> Battle for border wall goes on between Catholic Church, US government - Duration: 2:00.

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Putin, Erdogan and Iran's Rouhani celebrate US withdrawal from Syria - Daily News - Duration: 5:50.

The leaders of Russia, Turkey and Iran hailed the planned US withdrawal from Syria as they met for talks Thursday on how to work more closely together in the country's long-running conflict

Hosting his Turkish and Iranian counterparts in the southern city of Sochi, President Vladimir Putin said the three welcomed the expected US pull-out from northeastern Syria

It would be 'a positive step that would help stabilise the situation in this region, where ultimately the legitimate government should re-establish control,' he told a joint press conference after the talks

Scroll down for video  Russia and Iran - who both back the regime of Syria's President Bashar al-Assad - and rebel supporter Turkey have positioned themselves as key foreign players in Syria's long-running war

The United States has had troops in Syria backing Kurdish-led forces fighting the Islamic State group but President Donald Trump issued an abrupt order in December to pull out all 2,000

The Kurdish-led fighters were on Thursday battling to expel IS jihadists from the small town of Baghouz in eastern Syria, the last bastion of their 'caliphate' that once controlled large parts of the country

Putin said Thursday's talks were 'constructive and business-like' and that 'close coordination' was crucial to ensuring long-term stability in Syria

He said the three leaders agreed to 'strengthen cooperation' in the so-called Astana framework - a process initiated by Russia, Iran and Turkey that has eclipsed parallel peace talks led by the United Nations

They also agreed to work together to put together a constitutional committee that would work to resolve Syria's political future, Putin said, adding that another round of talks would take place in Astana in late March and early April

Share this article Share Rouhani said Thursday's talks were 'very helpful and frank' and insisted on Syria's territorial integrity, calling for a 'purge of terrorists' from the rebel-held northwestern province of Idlib

He also suggested he did not believe the US was planning to withdraw from Syria.'We have no optimism about what the Americans say

but if they do withdraw, it will be very good news.'At a separate meeting Thursday with Putin, Erdogan said the planned US pull-out made it more important for other foreign powers to work together in Syria

'The US withdrawal decision is one of the most important tests ahead of us. The uncertainty over how the decision will be implemented remains

It is very very important that we work together in this new situation,' he said.As a sign of cooperation, he said Russia and Turkey had agreed to start 'joint patrols' in order to contain 'radical groups' in Idlib province

The two countries agreed last year to jointly monitor a buffer zone around Idlib and a statement from the three leaders on Thursday agreed to take 'concrete steps' to further control the zone

Erdogan also called for the removal of the Kurdish forces battling IS in northeastern Syria

'Syria's territorial integrity cannot be ensured and that region cannot be returned to its real owners before PYD-YPG is cleared from Manbij and the east of Euphrates,' Erdogan said

The Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) have held the strategic city of Manbij and areas east of the Euphrates since pushing out IS fighters

Turkey considers the YPG, and its political branch the Democratic Union Party (PYD), as offshoots of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)

Both Russia and Iran have provided military backing to Assad's forces, while Turkey has supported rebel groups in the north who have fought with the Kurds

Thursday's meeting was the fourth summit between the countries' leaders since November 2017

It came as the United States holds a two-day conference in Warsaw devoted to security in the Middle East, with a strong emphasis on Iran

The conference includes Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and several Arab powers but has drawn little interest from European powers

Rouhani dismissed the Warsaw talks as pointless.'We see what's happening in Warsaw, it's an empty result, nothing,' he said in Sochi

For more infomation >> Putin, Erdogan and Iran's Rouhani celebrate US withdrawal from Syria - Daily News - Duration: 5:50.

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Best States for Love - Duration: 1:04.

For more infomation >> Best States for Love - Duration: 1:04.

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How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt - Duration: 3:29.

How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt

Thats bigger than the entire economic output of the United States in a year. Is it time to panic?

No. But it may be time to worry a bit about the direction the debt is heading.

What is debt?

The first thing to know is that dollar 22 trillion is a misleading number, because it includes: The money the federal government owes to itself, and the money the federal government owes to everybody else.

The former, known as intragovernmental debt, is mostly what the Treasury owes to trust funds like Social Security. Thats important, but not as important as debt held by the public, which is what can impact the economy by fueling inflation or crowding out private investment.

Right now, debt held by the public stands at dollar 16.2 trillion. Even if you measure it as a share of the economy, thats a lot of money: Its about 76 percent of gross domestic product, which is very high by historical standards. It ballooned in the wake of the Great Recession, when the federal government spent liberally to save the economy from total collapse, and hasnt been paid down much since.

Another important note: The debt is different from the deficit, or the difference between what the federal government spends and what it collects in revenue each year. The debt represents the accumulation of deficits over time.

Deficits have been rising over the past several years, and — the , when the country was still emerging from a deep recession, in part because of tax cuts that sharply reduced government income.

Is debt bad?

Not necessarily. It depends on what youre using it for.

The problem with debt is that servicing it costs money. The US paid dollar 325 billion in net interest in 2018, , which forecasts that number to jump to dollar 383 billion in 2019 and dollar 928 billion in 2029 under current law.

As a percentage of gross domestic product, that will approach levels not seen since the 1980s, when interest rates — the cost per unit of debt — were spiraling out of control. Interest rates are rising slowly now, as the Federal Reserve tapers off a period of near zero rates. But they remain low.

Its also unusual at a time when the economy is in very good shape, raising the question of what happens when the government has to spend its way out of the next recession.

"If we go through a business cycle and were starting at this level, then the business cycle would lead to very large deficits," said CBO director Keith Hall at a with reporters last month. "I think thats a concern as a risk going forward."

However, it still could be worth it to rack up debt and pay a lot in interest, if what the government is spending money on generates a larger economic return than the cost of credit.

A shift in the economic winds

In recent months, economists have been taking another look at their longstanding consensus that high debt levels are unequivocally bad for economic growth — a view that led to austerity budgets in both the United States and Europe following the Great Recession, which may have slowed the recovery.

Voices on the left that governments can spend as much as they want in their own currency and control inflation through taxation. That philosophy is known as "modern monetary theory," and it has been used to explain how large spending programs such as student debt relief or the Green New Deal might be funded.

Most economists dont go that far. But they have been cautioning over high debt levels that get out of hand.

A few weeks ago, former Obama administration economic policy officials Larry Summers and Jason Furman that high deficits should not be used as an excuse to cut social programs like Medicare and Social Security, and that the federal government should instead find ways to recover revenues lost to generations of tax cuts.

And at the American Economics Associations conference in January, former International Monetary Fund chief economist Olivier Blanchard delivered a theorizing that debt might not be a problem as long as interest rates are reasonably low — as they have been for decades now — and government is using the money on projects that boost productivity, such as education and infrastructure.

"Both the fiscal and welfare costs of debt may then be small, smaller than is generally taken as given in current policy discussions," Blanchard wrote in a describing the argument.

For more infomation >> How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt - Duration: 3:29.

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How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt - Duration: 3:34.

How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt

Thats bigger than the entire economic output of the United States in a year. Is it time to panic?

No. But it may be time to worry a bit about the direction the debt is heading.

What is debt?

The first thing to know is that dollar 22 trillion is a misleading number, because it includes: The money the federal government owes to itself, and the money the federal government owes to everybody else.

The former, known as intragovernmental debt, is mostly what the Treasury owes to trust funds like Social Security. Thats important, but not as important as debt held by the public, which is what can impact the economy by fueling inflation or crowding out private investment.

Right now, debt held by the public stands at dollar 16.2 trillion. Even if you measure it as a share of the economy, thats a lot of money: Its about 76 percent of gross domestic product, which is very high by historical standards. It ballooned in the wake of the Great Recession, when the federal government spent liberally to save the economy from total collapse, and hasnt been paid down much since.

Another important note: The debt is different from the deficit, or the difference between what the federal government spends and what it collects in revenue each year. The debt represents the accumulation of deficits over time.

Deficits have been rising over the past several years, and — the , when the country was still emerging from a deep recession, in part because of tax cuts that sharply reduced government income.

Is debt bad?

Not necessarily. It depends on what youre using it for.

The problem with debt is that servicing it costs money. The US paid dollar 325 billion in net interest in 2018, , which forecasts that number to jump to dollar 383 billion in 2019 and dollar 928 billion in 2029 under current law.

As a percentage of gross domestic product, that will approach levels not seen since the 1980s, when interest rates — the cost per unit of debt — were spiraling out of control. Interest rates are rising slowly now, as the Federal Reserve tapers off a period of near zero rates. But they remain low.

Its also unusual at a time when the economy is in very good shape, raising the question of what happens when the government has to spend its way out of the next recession.

"If we go through a business cycle and were starting at this level, then the business cycle would lead to very large deficits," said CBO director Keith Hall at a with reporters last month. "I think thats a concern as a risk going forward."

However, it still could be worth it to rack up debt and pay a lot in interest, if what the government is spending money on generates a larger economic return than the cost of credit.

A shift in the economic winds

In recent months, economists have been taking another look at their longstanding consensus that high debt levels are unequivocally bad for economic growth — a view that led to austerity budgets in both the United States and Europe following the Great Recession, which may have slowed the recovery.

Voices on the left that governments can spend as much as they want in their own currency and control inflation through taxation. That philosophy is known as "modern monetary theory," and it has been used to explain how large spending programs such as student debt relief or the Green New Deal might be funded.

Most economists dont go that far. But they have been cautioning over high debt levels that get out of hand.

A few weeks ago, former Obama administration economic policy officials Larry Summers and Jason Furman that high deficits should not be used as an excuse to cut social programs like Medicare and Social Security, and that the federal government should instead find ways to recover revenues lost to generations of tax cuts.

And at the American Economics Associations conference in January, former International Monetary Fund chief economist Olivier Blanchard delivered a theorizing that debt might not be a problem as long as interest rates are reasonably low — as they have been for decades now — and government is using the money on projects that boost productivity, such as education and infrastructure.

"Both the fiscal and welfare costs of debt may then be small, smaller than is generally taken as given in current policy discussions," Blanchard wrote in a describing the argument.

For more infomation >> How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt - Duration: 3:34.

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Report: Massachusetts receives average ranking of the safest states for seniors - Duration: 0:46.

For more infomation >> Report: Massachusetts receives average ranking of the safest states for seniors - Duration: 0:46.

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How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt - Duration: 3:31.

How to think about the United States dollar 22 trillion debt

Thats bigger than the entire economic output of the United States in a year. Is it time to panic?

No. But it may be time to worry a bit about the direction the debt is heading.

What is debt?

The first thing to know is that dollar 22 trillion is a misleading number, because it includes: The money the federal government owes to itself, and the money the federal government owes to everybody else.

The former, known as intragovernmental debt, is mostly what the Treasury owes to trust funds like Social Security. Thats important, but not as important as debt held by the public, which is what can impact the economy by fueling inflation or crowding out private investment.

Right now, debt held by the public stands at dollar 16.2 trillion. Even if you measure it as a share of the economy, thats a lot of money: Its about 76 percent of gross domestic product, which is very high by historical standards. It ballooned in the wake of the Great Recession, when the federal government spent liberally to save the economy from total collapse, and hasnt been paid down much since.

Another important note: The debt is different from the deficit, or the difference between what the federal government spends and what it collects in revenue each year. The debt represents the accumulation of deficits over time.

Deficits have been rising over the past several years, and — the , when the country was still emerging from a deep recession, in part because of tax cuts that sharply reduced government income.

Is debt bad?

Not necessarily. It depends on what youre using it for.

The problem with debt is that servicing it costs money. The US paid dollar 325 billion in net interest in 2018, , which forecasts that number to jump to dollar 383 billion in 2019 and dollar 928 billion in 2029 under current law.

As a percentage of gross domestic product, that will approach levels not seen since the 1980s, when interest rates — the cost per unit of debt — were spiraling out of control. Interest rates are rising slowly now, as the Federal Reserve tapers off a period of near zero rates. But they remain low.

Its also unusual at a time when the economy is in very good shape, raising the question of what happens when the government has to spend its way out of the next recession.

"If we go through a business cycle and were starting at this level, then the business cycle would lead to very large deficits," said CBO director Keith Hall at a with reporters last month. "I think thats a concern as a risk going forward."

However, it still could be worth it to rack up debt and pay a lot in interest, if what the government is spending money on generates a larger economic return than the cost of credit.

A shift in the economic winds

In recent months, economists have been taking another look at their longstanding consensus that high debt levels are unequivocally bad for economic growth — a view that led to austerity budgets in both the United States and Europe following the Great Recession, which may have slowed the recovery.

Voices on the left that governments can spend as much as they want in their own currency and control inflation through taxation. That philosophy is known as "modern monetary theory," and it has been used to explain how large spending programs such as student debt relief or the Green New Deal might be funded.

Most economists dont go that far. But they have been cautioning over high debt levels that get out of hand.

A few weeks ago, former Obama administration economic policy officials Larry Summers and Jason Furman that high deficits should not be used as an excuse to cut social programs like Medicare and Social Security, and that the federal government should instead find ways to recover revenues lost to generations of tax cuts.

And at the American Economics Associations conference in January, former International Monetary Fund chief economist Olivier Blanchard delivered a theorizing that debt might not be a problem as long as interest rates are reasonably low — as they have been for decades now — and government is using the money on projects that boost productivity, such as education and infrastructure.

"Both the fiscal and welfare costs of debt may then be small, smaller than is generally taken as given in current policy discussions," Blanchard wrote in a describing the argument.