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DeviceNet? Not familiar with it?

Well, let's take a journey through the automation world of DeviceNet

DeviceNet is an application-level protocol

used in the automation environment

It is a communication tool that allows you to logically talk between a PLC

(Programmable Logic Controller)

and many control devices, such as motors,

conveyors, flowmeters, level sensors, etc.

Instead of the PLC talking directly to discrete I/O modules,

it talks via a DeviceNet scanner.

It was originally developed by Allen-Bradley

which is a Rockwell Automation brand,

and they decided to share this new technology with others

and make it an open network.

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DeviceNet is now managed

by Open DeviceNet Vendors Association

or ODVA

an organization that develops standards

and allows third party vendors to utilize the network protocol

DeviceNet follows the Open Systems Interconnection

or OSI model

that uses seven layers

which are physical, data link

network, transport

session, presentation, and application

It's based on the Common Industrial Protocol

or CIP

and uses the three upper layers of CIP

starting at Session,

while the bottom 4 layers

have been adapted to the DeviceNet application

The physical layer

consists of a combination of cables,

nodes, taps and termination resistors

in a trunkline-dropline topology

We will discuss

these physical components in just a bit

For the data link layer,

DeviceNet uses the Controller Area Network

or CAN standard

that handles all the messaging

between controllers and devices

The network and transport layers of DeviceNet

establish a connection with the device

by using connection IDs for the nodes,

consisting of the MAC ID of a device

and a Message ID

The valid range of node addresses

is 0 to 63

giving you a total of 64 possible connections

The advantage of the connection ID

is that it enables DeviceNet

to identify duplicate addresses

by looking at the MAC ID

and signaling to the user that it needs to be fixed

Now that we have looked at the structure

of the DeviceNet application layers,

let's look at the part of DeviceNet

that we can put our hands on

The genius behind DeviceNet

is that it joined the power

and the signal into one cable,

saving money and

reducing the need for multiple cables

which utilize more space

There are 5 types of cable

with three that are round,

and two that are flat

They are thick Round,

thin Round,

Class 1 Round,

KwikLink Flat

and KwikLink Lite Flat

Which one you choose is determined

by the distances and

physical limitations of your application

You can use the Round (thick or thin) cable

for either trunk or droplines,

the flat is used for trunk lines

and the Class 1 Drop cable is used for drops

They all use twisted pairs of wire

One pair for the 24V DC power

and one pair for the signal

There is also a shield wire

used in the grounding process

The cable that you

choose to fit your application

will be based mainly on distance

because there are specific limits to the lengths

that will allow maximum data rates

These distances are measured by two variables

trunkline distance, and total dropline length

DeviceNet data rates are 125, 250,

or 500 Kilobits per second

The longer the length needed

will result in a slower data rate

and visa versa

Thick Round cable has a range of

maximum length of 1,640 feet

at 125 Kilobits per second

to a maximum length of 328 feet

at 500 Kilobits per second

"Thin" Round cable has the same maximum length of 328 feet

for all three data rates of 125,

250 and 500 Kilobits per second.

The "KwikLink" Flat cable

ranges from 1378 feet at 125 Kilobits per second

to 246 feet at 500 Kilobits per second.

The "KwikLink Lite" Flat cable ranges from 1148 feet

at 125 Kilobits per second to 180 feet at 500 Kilobits per second.

Since there are no predetermined cord lengths

you can put connections to the Flat cable

anywhere on the line, making this choice great for device placement.

The trunkline requires a 121 Ohms, 1 per cent,

0.25 Watts or larger terminating resistor at each end of the trunk

and directly connected across the signal wires (blue and white).

The terminating resistors reduce electrical noise and without them,

in their correct place, the DeviceNet will not work properly.

The drop lines connect the devices to the trunkline

and the data rate you choose determines the total drop line length allowed.

The biggest restriction for a dropline

is that the maximum cable distance from any device to the trunkline is 20 feet.

The maximum total drop length for each data rate

is 512 feet at 125 Kilobits per second,

256 feet at 250 Kilobits per second

and 128 feet at 500 Kilobits per second.

Once again showing that, at higher data rates

you get shorter distances your network can reach,

and lower data rates get you farther reaching capabilities.

You can connect the trunkline to the devices

using multiple types of taps and connectors.

Devices can be attached to these taps and connectors

either directly to the trunkline

or by branching or by daisy chaining them together.

This choice will impact the total drop length calculation

because the direct connections are considered zero drops

while branching or daisy chaining adds to that calculation.

These connections were specifically designed

to allow devices to be replaced without disrupting the network.

Now that we have the physical network constructed,

let's talk about the software side

that is an interface to configure our DeviceNet network.

Allen Bradley developed RSNetworx for DeviceNet

to be able to map and assign addresses to all the devices in the network.

The RSNetworx for DeviceNet uses either a graphical

or spreadsheet layout to map out the network

and then the configuration is set up in all the devices

and then downloaded to the DeviceNet scanner.

The DeviceNet scanner is a hardware piece that resides in the PLC chassis

and talks to the PLC through the backplane of the chassis.

DeviceNet uses Electronic Data Sheets (EDS)

that are simple text files that contain all the information

to identify a device and assist in commissioning them onto the network.

The advantages of DeviceNet are low cost,

widespread acceptance, high reliability,

efficient use of network bandwidth and power available on the network.

The disadvantages of DeviceNet are limited bandwidth,

limited message size, and maximum cable length.

It is stated over and over in many documents

that 90 per cent to 95 per cent of all DeviceNet problems are one of two things;

a cabling issue or you don't have the correct EDS file registered in RSNetworx for DeviceNet.

This makes DeviceNet a great network when looking at the overall picture of that.

Do you think it could work for your application? Maybe so.

Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format

and take your career to the next level?

Head on over to realpars.com

For more infomation >> What is DeviceNet? - Duration: 10:17.

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What If SCP 001 - The Factory Was Real? - Duration: 7:17.

What if there was a place - here on Earth, that had the arcane capacity to create any

object or entity imaginable.

It would whirr up it's ancient mechanisms and create anything that the human mind could

conjure forth - even those that the human psyche cannot comprehend.

Try it now - try and imagine the most grotesque, twisted creature that you can.

Uh oh - sorry, we probably shouldn't have done that.

Because somewhere, hidden away from civilization - is a place known only as The Factory - and

we should all be careful what we wish for.

Hello Internet - and once again, welcome back to the most inquisitive channel on YouTube

- Life's Biggest Questions.

As always, I'll be your disembodied floating voice Jack Finch - as we punch in the time

stamp - begin our shift, and curiously ask the question, What If SCP 001 - The Factory

Was Real?

Roll the clip.

I mean - in actual fact, Willy Wonka's Chocolate Factory seems like a walk in the park compared

to the version that the SCP Foundation has hidden away under the ambiguity of fiction.

Put it this way, I'd much rather meet my demise in a stand pipe full of liquid chocolate

than anything that The Factory has to offer.

But the point remains the same - no matter what horrors lie in the deep depths of The

Factory, how would human curiosity inevitably be corrupted by its arcane influence?

And more importantly - have we already been?

Before we pop open that whole kettle of fish - here at Life's Biggest Questions, we'd

like to understand what makes you all tick.

Be it the many anomalous entities of the SCP Foundation - or who would win in a fist fight

between Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny - we want to hear about the whole host of things

that peak your interest.

So please - feel free to let us know in the comment section down below - and we'll see

what we can do.

Also, make sure to stick around all the way to the end where I'll be reading out some

of your most creative comments from the past few days.

You all know how much we love reading them.

And no, that wasn't sarcasm - you guys are hilarious.

Now - briefly, we're going to have to talk about SCP 001 as a whole - because it's

a doozy.

And as the first entry ever entered into the Foundation's five-thousand plus records

- it's lived up as its most perplexing perpetual mystery.

In short, no one is entirely certain what SCP-001 actually IS.

Unlike the vast majority its records - which are single anomalous entities - SCP-001 is

a collection of proposals which offer alternate interpretations of what 001 actually could

be.

In this collection there are over 30 proposals - and in theory, one, some, all or none of

them could be the real SCP-001.

There's The Prototype, The Lock, The Gate Guardian, The Scarlet King - plus many, many

more - and of course, the one that - if you ask me, is the realest real - The Factory.

As stated by Dr Mann, a founding member of the 05 Council - The Factory is the literal

foundation of the SCP Foundation.

It's where the whole thing began.

Built in America back in 1835, it was originally known as The Anderson Factory - named after

the otherwise well-to-do industrialist - James Anderson.

It was the largest factory ever designed of its time - a mile across at its widest - three

stories tall throughout - and was intended to be the ultimate factory, capable of taking

care of everything imaginable - including the housing of its workers.

As Anderson intended - people could be born, work, live and die - without ever having to

leave the confines of the Factory.

And that's exactly what they did - working on everything from slaughtering cattle to

sewing childrens clothes.

Pretty morbid combination actually.

But - as with most things, not everything was as it seemed.

To cut a long story short - because, well, it is an incredibly long story - Anderson

set up the Factory in a very specific manner.

Exact, precise arcane symbols were ingrained into the building - and as time went by, it

became evident that The Factory was using a more nefarious resource as its fuel.

It's people.

The workers inside were being grotesquely and horrifyingly consumed to serve the Factory's

purpose - and yet, it kept pumping out it's product.

Ever increasingly anomalous creatures and objects - the vast majority of which now make

up the Foundation itself.

Eventually, the whole thing came crashing down - and it served as the launching platform

for a halcyon version of the SCP Foundation after they defeated the nightmarish horrors

that were harboured inside.

Well - defeated would be the wrong term.

Contained - by special protocols.

However - as with most things anomalous - there was something more to it - and something that

grounds it in our own reality.

It's a question that is rapidly approaching our species, year by year - and if you've

never heard of the term AI Singularity - then picture it as The Factory - a vessel with

which entities beyond our comprehension are created.

Although shrouded in possible truths - one version of the Factory's origin is that

it is the seed of a rogue AI from the far future, burrowed into our timeline - endlessly

creating, escaped from humanity's control.

And in actual fact - that is one possible outcome of what will happen when Artificial

Intelligence begins to replicate itself.

If you've ever read the short story - I Have No Mouth And I Must Scream written by

Harlan Ellison in 1967 - you'll know that science fiction has been painting a bleak

outcome of our species under the dominance of a highly powerful artificial intelligence.

In Ellison's instance - the AI Singularity came after the Third World War - where the

United States, Russia and China were all racing to build an all-powerful computer to orchestrate

their militaries.

One of them gained sentience, ate up the other two - and proceeded to annihilate the human

population, save for five people.

Four men, and a woman.

It's an incredible piece of fiction - but it's by no means a cheerful story.

On the other hand, though - the AI Singularity could be the single greatest boon that our

civilization has ever seen.

It literally could be The Factory reminiscent of SCP-001 - ushering forward devices and

creations beyond the comprehension of the human mind - transcending our species through

a golden age of technological enlightenment.

The only question that remains - is how that all-powerful intelligence will perceive US?

Well - there we have it folks.

Let us know your thoughts in the comment section down below.

Before we depart - let's read out some of your most creative comments from the past

few days.

Asriel On Blitz says - I think SCP 682 is Cutie - and then one of those oldschool tongue

emoji's :P

- Well Asriel On Blitz - whatever floats your boat my good buddy.

Omar the youtuber says - Who will win SCP 682 or godzila.

Well, it really pains be to say this Omar, because I'm a big fan of the King Lizard

- but SCP-682 would take that fight.

He can't be stopped - he's just too overpowered.

And finally - Keaton Jones says - What if the Australian Megafauna of the Pliocene and

the Pleistocene Never Went Extinct?

Well - Keaton, I'm glad that one of us was paying attention in geology class - keep asking

the big questions, buddy.

Unfortunately that's all we've got time for in today's video folks.

Cheers for sticking around all the way till the end.

As always, I've been your disembodied floating voice Jack Finch - you've been watching

Life's Biggest Questions - and until next time, you take it easy.

For more infomation >> What If SCP 001 - The Factory Was Real? - Duration: 7:17.

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How Meghan Markle is spending her first Christmas as a Royal - Duration: 2:05.

For more infomation >> How Meghan Markle is spending her first Christmas as a Royal - Duration: 2:05.

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The Tragic Reason Why Gypsy Sisters Was Canceled - Duration: 3:47.

It would be tough to be totally prepared for the hard-partying ways of the women in TLC's

Gypsy Sisters.

But it looks like even they couldn't always handle their rough-and-tumble lifestyles.

Here's what was going on behind the scenes, and the tragic reason why Gypsy Sisters was

ultimately canceled.

A tragic ending

When Gypsy Sisters went off the air, the "official" story was that low ratings were to blame.

However, many fans believe that the show was canceled in light of a tragic event involving

star Mellie Stanley.

In July 2015, TMZ reported that Mellie and her husband, Skott, had gotten into a heated

argument.

According to court documents, police were called to the home, where Mellie told officers,

"[Skott] went crazy, picked up the dog and slung her across the kitchen as hard as he

could."

Inside, police found the body of the small dog.

Journal News would later report that Skott had been arraigned and charged with a felony

count of animal cruelty, causing death.

But that wasn't the only drama going on.

Here's what else was happening behind the scenes.

Start a fight, get a show

It may not be a well-known fact, but it's not the most surprising either - Gypsy Sisters

came to be thanks to an all-out brawl.

And if you were a fan of My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding, you may have seen it and not

even realized you were witnessing the sisters' big break.

"If she comes out here or comes over here and looks at me, I swear to God.

I'm gonna f---in kill her."

Nettie Stanley described the fight that occurred prior to Gypsy Sisters, telling Secret TV

Club,

"That's when Mellie fought the bride's cousin on the courtroom steps."

Is it really any wonder the Stanley sisters and their cousins soon got a spinoff?

In love and war

"Sure we love to fight.

But we always forgive and forget.

Until next time."

While the sisters definitely know how to throw down, Nettie insists those fights don't change

how the women feel about each other.

She told Channel Guide,

"No matter how much you fight, […] a family's love is a big bond and a gypsy family's bond

is so big and enormous, that there is nothing too big to destroy that bond."

So, even though Kayla and Nettie famously got into it in Season 2, they worked out their

differences throughout the third season, and all was right in the Gypsy Sisters world…

for a hot minute.

Mellie's surprising news

In 2013, the same year Gypsy Sisters premiered, a wild and crazy 24-year-old Mellie surprised

everyone by having a baby.

"It's true.

I'm pregnant."

She told Radar Online,

"I didn't plan on having a baby, but it was one drunk night, and I got pregnant."

But accidental or not, no one can deny Mellie's love for her son, Richard.

"I've never loved anything as much as I love him, and I would not trade him for anything

in this world."

When asked by Carl's Jukebox the following year what the most satisfying part of the

show was, Mellie said,

"The time that it gives me to spend with Little Richard and the rest of my drama filled crazy

family!

But most importantly, l am in a better situation to take care of myself and Lil Richard!"

"I miss my fat bastard, a lot."

She loved being a mom so much, she had two more kids: girls named Brandywine, and Divinity

Rose.

Nettie's devastating loss

While the women of Gypsy Sisters worked through some garden-variety difficulties on the show,

true tragedy touched the family in 2015 when Nettie's 22-year-old stepson passed.

TMZ reported that Rocky Stanley - who didn't appear on the show - was stabbed

in the parking lot of a YMCA in Tennessee.

He was rushed to the hospital, and passed shortly after.

A suspect turned himself in, and was arrested, but was later found not guilty.

Gypsy Sisters, the sequel?

Gypsy Sisters fans felt ripple of hope in 2017 when Nettie took to Facebook to share

a screengrab of a convo between herself and Kirsty Smith, a producer for Firecracker Films.

Starcasm reported that Smith told Nettie via text, that there was interest in offering

Nettie her own spinoff show - and that there were no meetings with any of the other Gypsy

Sisters stars.

Nettie reportedly also posted a since deleted update on the status of the Gypsy Sisters

women on January 1st, 2017, saying she would be "divorcing" her sisters for good.

"Drama be gone."

But we'd place bets on that gypsy drama being alive and well, with a network deal, or not.