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What would happen if you were to bring a tiny piece of the Sun to Earth?

Short answer: you die. Long answer: it depends which piece of the Sun.

Like most of the matter in the universe, our Sun is neither solid, liquid or gas, but plasma.

Plasma is when stuff is so hot that the nuclei and electrons can separate and flow around freely, which creates a goo like substance.

So, you can imagine our Sun as an extremely big, spherical ocean of very hot goo.

The deeper you, go the denser and weirder the goo becomes.

So let's bring 3 samples (each the size of a house), to our lab here on Earth and see what happens.

First sample: the chromosphere.

The chromosphere is the atmosphere of the Sun, a layer of sparse gas up to 5,000 kilometers deep,

that's covered in a forest of plasma spikes that can be almost as big as Earth.

It's pretty hot here between 6,000 and 20,000 degrees Celsius, but if we brought a solvent of it to Earth,

we're not really getting our money's worth.

Where we take our sample, the chromosphere is over a million times less dense than air.

So, compared to our atmosphere at sea level, it's basically the same as bringing the vacuum of space down to Earth.

The moment our sample arrives, it would immediately be crushed by Earth's atmospheric pressure and implode.

Air would rush to fill the vacuum and use as much energy as 12 kilograms of TNT in the process.

This creates a high pressure shockwave, which shatters glass, ruptures ear drums,

and maybe some internal organs. If you're standing too close it could kill you, so you'd better keep your distance

Let's go deeper.

Second sample, the photosphere

Beneath the chromosphere, is the glowing surface of the Sun: the photosphere, which produces the light we see.

It's covered in a grid of a million hot spots called granules. Each of them about as big as the United States,

and over 5,000 degrees Celsius.

These granules are the tops of convective columns, churning gas that brings the heat up from the center of the Sun to its surface.

In these columns, a few hundred kilometres down, we take our second plasma sample. It has about the same pressure as our atmosphere on earth

Though still much less dense for there. Its heat supports it, so it won't implode.

Our sphere now carries twice as much energy, as much as 25 kilograms of TNT, that this time as heat.

For a dazzling instant, this plasma would glow with a million times the brightness of the Sun seen from Earth,

instantly lighting fires throughout our lab, but a few milliseconds later. Those fires are all that's left.

The plasma has cooled to harmless gas, floating up from the flaming ruins.

What if we go deeper?

Third sample. The radiative zone.

Here, the plasma is about two million degrees Celsius, and so dense and tightly packed, that it creates a sort of maze for itself.

Energy in the form of photons tries to escape,

but has to wander for hundreds of thousands of years, bouncing endlessly from particle to particle, until it eventually finds an exit.

Bringing matter from here to our lab, is what experts call, a very bad idea.

As soon as it arrives in our lab, the extreme pressure that holds the plasma tightly together is gone,

and the material explodes with the power of a thermonuclear weapon. Our lab as well as the city around it will be destroyed in an instant.

On the bright side, there won't be any radioactive fallout.

With our lab destroyed, we can abandon the illusion that we're trying to do any science today. What if we go much, much deeper?

Last sample. The core

Here in the central 1% of the star, we find a third of the sun's mass.

The matter here is compressed by the weight of the entire star above it. In the center of the core,

the temperature is 15 million degrees,

hot enough to make helium by smashing together hydrogen, powering the Sun by nuclear fusion.

In billions of years after the death of the Sun, this core will remain as a white dwarf.

If we brought a sample of it to Earth, it would cause a lot of inconvenience

The biggest nuclear weapon ever detonated, had an energy of 40 megatons of TNT, or a cube the size of the Empire State Building.

Our sample has the equivalent of 4,000 megatons.

This is four billion tons of TNT, or a cube 1.3 kilometers high.

To give you a sense of scale this is the cube inside Manhattan.

Once the sphere arrives on Earth, this super dense matter expands instantly and creates an explosion with the force of well,

the Sun.

If we get the sample in Paris, in the morning the citizens of London would see what looks like a second sunrise.

But, one that gets brighter and brighter, and hotter and hotter, until London burns to ashes.

In a radius of about 300 kilometres around the blast, everything would be burnt.

The shockwave would travel around the Earth multiple times.

Most buildings in Central Europe would be flattened, eardrums would rupture, and windows break across the continent.

The explosion would be apocalyptic.

possibly humans civilization ending.

If humans did survive, we could count on the dust blown into the atmosphere to create a small ice age.

So, if there is one tiny bright side, it would be that the explosion might be an effective way to control

human-caused climate change for a few decades.

While this is definitely a good thing, all in all we conclude, that we should not try to bring the Sun to earth

We've made a lot of questionable assumptions in this video, but our maths is real. If you're like us

and you enjoy using the power of math to calculate

absurd ways to destroy stuff you may be interested in all the other things you can do with maths. For example,

You could calculate how to mine mercury for silicon to build a Dyson Sphere,

determine how long it will take the Sun to burn out or simply do your taxes.

But as much as we love explaining these things, the best way to learn anything is by doing it yourself.

Brilliant is a problem-solving website that teaches you to think like a scientist by guiding you through problems they take concepts like these

break them up into bite-sized nuggets present clear thinking in each part, and then build back up to an interesting conclusion.

If you visit brilliant.org/nutshell, or click the link in the description, you can sign up for free and learn all kinds

of things.

and as a bonus for Kurzgesagt viewers, the first 200 people will also get 20% off their annual membership.

For more infomation >> What Happens If We Bring the Sun to Earth? - Duration: 7:01.

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What If Kim Jong Un Was Assassinated? - Duration: 3:34.

What Would Happen If Kim Jong Un Attacked Us Now?

While the West has largely laughed off threats from rogue nation, North Korea, but what if

these threats are not idle?

Hello and welcome back to Life's Biggest Questions, I am Rebecca Felgate and today

we are continuing our war series by asking What Would Happen if Kim Jong Un Attacked

Us Now?

It's been a busy few months for North Korea.

They have threatened Guam and then backed down, they have launched an intercontinental

Ballistic Missile over the Japanese Island of Hokkaido and they appear to have circulated

images of their egotistical leader, Kim Jong Un, inspecting a Hydrogen Bomb.

To the outside world, it certainly seems as if North Korea is preparing for war.

It is estimated that North Korea has around 14-21 nuclear warheads and a number of intercontinental

ballistic missiles that are capable of carrying them, the most powerful being a Hwasong 14,

which could in theory deliver a nuclear warhead 10,400 kilometres away.

There have also been some speculation that the dictator may want to explode an H Bomb

over the US via satellite, which sounds crazy, but is in theory possible if a device was

hidden in a satellite.

This has resulted in calls for North Korea's two Satellites, KMS-3 and KMS-4, to be banned

from flying over US Airspace.

So, say North Korea, against their better judgement decided to launch an attack today,

what would they do and where would they Strike.

For all his sins, Kim Jong Un is ..probably…not a total idiot, even he must know that if he

were to strike any allied nation to the United States, or any of the Unites States soil,

he will be met with fall force.

If he launched a missile and it made contact with allied soil, it would be a suicide move.

Therefore, you could speculate that if he launches one, he may as well launch them all.

So far it has been sketchy as to whether North Korea have successfully been able to miniaturize

their nuclear warheads and attach them to their intercontinental missiles, but say they

can, I would imagine they would use their shots to hit Japan, South Korea, Australia,

Guam, Hawaii, California, Alaska and Oregon.

French officials are also concerned that their IBMS can reach France, so if assured destruction

is Crazy 'ol Kim's game, maybe he'll give that a go too.

If by some far fetched stretch of the truth, he was able to hide a Hydrogen Bomb in a Satellite,

he would send his biggest, most destructive weapon towards the centre of the United States

to assume as much damage as possible.

Of course, if North Korea launched their hits, it does not mean they would successfully hit.

So far tests haven't exactly been on target, but if they were, South Korea and Japan have

Missile Defence systems in place to shoot down any North Korean Threat.

Japan has its Aegis system, and South Korea has its THAAD defence system built by its

American allies, both of which share tracking data.

There are also Patriot Battery systems set up around North Korea.

These were used in the Iraq and Gulf War and can take down missiles flying at 5 times the

speed of sound.

The issue with an unannounced attack would be scrabbling the response.

Thaad and Aegis are ready to go, but how would we ever know about an H Bomb in a satellite

until it was too late?

If a Hydrogen weapon was detonated over the United States, it could kill millions if people

and destroy cities, which would be horrifying and devastating, with the fall out poisoning

much of America and perhaps Canada or Mexico, depending on where it was dropped.

To be honest though, by the time North Korea advances enough to be able to disguise a bomb

in a Satellite, America will probably have banned all of their air crafts from entering

US air space, with the threat of shooting down any errant satellites, which is well

within the capabilities of the US Navy.

Of course, if North Korea ever did launch an attack the response would be intense.

Many innocent North Korean lives would be lost, although that could be considered to

be on Kim.

The issue would be trying to strike North Korea without harming the Japanese, South

Koreans and Chinese, who are all in close proximity to the Hermit nation.

This could mean an unprecedented death toll and extremely damaged world politics.

An attack would force America's hand to respond, but in responding, they would create

further tension in the East, possibly provoking China and Russia…and of course, tension

breads violence, which then breeds more tension.

It's a vicious cycle.

The question of this episode has been What Would Happen If Kim Jong Un Attacked Us Now,

but this assumes that North Korea is ready to attack, although for now, the evidence

seems to suggest that they are not yet prepared.

That being said, the question could easily be What Will Happen When Kim Jong Un Attacks

us…we know now what the answer will look like, but lets hope they're dealt with before

any blood shed or nuclear decimation….here's hoping anyway!

China, their only mates, pretty much need to step up their intervention!

Thanks for tuning into this episode of Life's Biggest Questions…What do you think would

happen if Kim Jong Un Attacked Us Now?

Let me know in the comments section below.

Have you guys watched our Why Don't We Nuke North Korea video?

If you haven't it may give you some further insight into the issue.

Make sure you have notifications turned on if you don't want to miss an episode!

I am Rebecca Felgate, I'll catch you in the next episode, but for now, make sure to

stay curious, stay alert and never ever stop questioning.

They're saying their bomb is 100 kilotons, although testing suggests maybe just 10 kilotons.

One move – send a nuke to SK, AUS and USA

NOW…they aren't ready.

In a year….