- [Amanda] Nestled on Market Street
beneath the San Francisco skyline
and guarded by high fences,
is a mysterious building that had
Bay Curious listener Spencer Barton wondering,
- [Spencer] What is the big, concrete,
barbed-wire-encased building behind
the Safeway on Market Street?
It's pretty odd-looking, it doesn't seem like
anybody ever enters or leaves.
Sort of like, it's like a castle on the hill or something.
- [Amanda] I've actually wondered the exact same thing,
and it turns out many San Franciscans
aren't quite sure what this building is.
- I have no idea actually.
- I thought it was some kind of defense facility.
- It looks like some sort of court.
- It kind of look like a prison.
- Very fortress-like.
- They used to make money there.
- Secretive, governmental kind of things.
- But I think it's a museum now.
- So do you wanna know the short answer to what it is?
Okay, so drum roll.
It is a US Mint.
That's exactly what I am now working on answering.
The San Francisco Mint is definitely
not open to the public, but after making a few calls
and passing a thorough background check,
I was able to set up a tour through
the US Mint headquarters in D.C.
My visitor's pass right there.
Escort required, it says.
But let's back up a minute.
- [Narrator] The Mint at San Francisco,
newest of Uncle Sam's three coinage plants.
- [Amanda] Before going inside, I did some research
to figure out why, of all places,
the US Mint ended up here in the
heart of San Francisco next to a safeway.
- [Narrator] The new United States Mint
is a building of modernistic lines,
a distinctive structure appropriate for its purpose.
In its well-guarded vaults are stored millions
in gold bullion and silver bars.
- [Amanda] This building opened in 1937,
but it's actually the third mint building in San Francisco.
It all started with the gold rush.
- Of the eight total mint locations
in the United States since 1792,
most of them were started because
they were near mining areas where gold and or silver
was being mined in large quantities,
and the mint was required to have a place
not too far away for the precious metal
to be processed and turned into coins,
and that's the reason the San Francisco Mint
was first established in 1854.
- [Amanda] The first building was called the Branch Mint,
and it was located, appropriately,
on Commercial Street in the Financial District.
The mint was only in that building for about 20 years.
After a major silver discovery in Nevada,
they needed more space.
The second building, known as the Old Mint
or the Granite Lady, opened downtown on 5th Street in 1874.
It operated as a mint for 63 years,
spanning the 1906 earthquake,
when it was instrumental as the
financial heart of the rebuilding city.
- Literally every bank in the city
was destroyed or at least made unusable,
or their vaults could not be opened,
and the mint, the Old Mint, came to serve
as a repository for disaster relief funds
that were sent from all parts of the country,
and even from some foreign countries.
And it also served as a clearing house bank,
meaning it did basic banking functions
and the public was invited to come
to the mint to do their banking.
- [Amanda] The Old Mint is listed
as a National Historic Landmark.
Now it's only used as an event space.
You can get married there.
That brings us to today, and our tour
of the current San Francisco Mint building.
Things have changed in the decades
since this building opened its doors.
They're not smelting metals anymore,
but they are still making coins.
It's a complicated, multi-step process
that starts in the first stop of our tour, coining.
Here unfinished discs of metal are
prepped, heated, cleaned, and polished
until shiny blanks emerge, ready to be stamped into coins.
(coins clanking)
The second room in the tour is the die polishing room,
where all of the dies, the things that stamp those blanks,
are meticulously prepared.
All dies in this room are given
the special San Francisco 'S' mint mark,
a label that all coins have
that specifies where they were minted.
With the dies and blanks prepped and ready,
the third stop on the tour is
where the two meet: the pressroom.
Here, 18 industrial presses are simultaneously
cranking out coins of all denominations.
One by one, blanks are fed into the press,
and both sides of the coin are stamped at the same time
with somewhere between 54 and 110 metric tons of pressure.
Finally, all of the coins are packaged
by a series of robotic arms into sets,
because today, all the coins produced at
the San Francisco Mint are collectible coins
or commemorative metals.
These collector sets are packed, boxed,
and sold on the US Mint website.
Today, most coins in circulation
are minted in Philadelphia or Denver.
The San Francisco Mint stopped
producing circulation coins in 1974.
But if pull out your change jar and start digging,
it's still possible to find the rare penny
that was made here in the
San Francisco Mint right off Market Street.
Just look for that special 'S' mint mark.

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