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Big Think 2017 Top Ten: #9. Neil deGrasse Tyson on Dark Matter - Duration: 7:25.
The question isn't about whether dark matter exists or not.
What's going on is, when we measure gravity in the universe—the collective gravity of
the stars, the planets, the moons, the gas clouds, the black holes, whole galaxies—when
we do this, 85 percent has no known origin.
So it's not a matter of whether dark matter exists or not, it's a measurement—period.
Now, "dark matter" is not even what we should be calling it because that implies
that it is matter; it implies we know something about it that we actually don't.
So a more precise labeling for it would be "dark gravity."
Now, if I called it dark gravity, are you going to say: "Does dark gravity really
exist?"
I'd say yeah, because 85 percent of the gravity has no known origin.
There it is.
Let's figure out what's causing it.
The fact that the word "matter" got into that word is forcing people to say, "Well
I have another idea, I bet it's not matter, it could be something else!"
We're overreacting to a label that overstates our actual insights or knowledge into what
it is we're describing.
Then I just joke we should just call it Fred.
Fred or Wilma, something where there is no reference to what we think it is because in
fact we have no idea.
So here's how you actually measure the stuff.
In a galaxy, which is the smallest aggregation of matter where dark matter manifests, you
look how fast it's rotating and we know from laws of gravity first laid down by Johannes
Kepler and then enhanced and given further detail and deeper understanding by Isaac Newton,
you write down these equations and say, look how fast it's rotating, you invoke that rotation
rate in the equation and out the other side says how much gravity, how much mass should
be there attracting you.
And the more mass that's there the faster we expect you to be orbiting.
That kind of makes sense.
So when you do this calculation on a galactic scale, we get vastly more mass attracting
you than we actually can detect.
I'm adding up stars, gas clouds, moon, planets, black holes—add it all up.
It's a fraction of what we know is attracting you in this orbit, and we cannot detect the
rest and so we hand it this title dark matter.
Understandably, I suppose.
But it implies that we know that it's matter, but we don't.
We know we can't detect it in any known way and we know it has gravity, so it really should
be called dark gravity.
I think the over–under on what dark matter might be, today, I think we're all kind of
leaning towards a family of particles, subatomic particles, that have hardly any ability to
interact with the particles we have come to know and love, "ordinary matter".
And that would make it matter, dark matter, as we've all been describing it.
And it's not a weird thing that you could have a particle that doesn't interact with
our particles.
Within our own family of particles there are examples where the interaction is very weak
or nonexistent.
You might have heard of neutrinos, this is a ghost-like particle that permeates the universe
and hardly interacts with familiar matter at all, yet it is part of our family of particles
that we know exist and that we can detect and interact with.
So if we can have an elusive particle that's part of our own familiar family of particles
it's not much of a stretch to think of a whole other category of particles where none of
them give a rat's ass about the rest of us, and they just pass right through us as
though we're not even there.
Now, here's what's interesting about dark matter: we know it doesn't interact with us
except gravitationally.
By the way, what do I mean by interact?
Does it bind and make atoms and molecules and solid objects?
No, it does not interact with us in any important known way.
But it also doesn't interact with itself.
That's what's interesting.
So if it interacted with itself you could imagine finding dark matter planets, dark
matter galaxies, because to interact with yourself is what allows you to accumulate
and have a concentration of matter in one place versus another.
These are the atomic bonds and the molecular bonds that create solid objects.
And if particles do not interact with one another, they just pass through, you just
have this zone of mass not really doing anything interesting.
So dark matter not only doesn't interact with us, it doesn't interact with itself.
And that's why when we find dark matter across the universe it's very diffusely spread out.
It's like over here.
It's not in this one spot and look at this concentration.
No, that's not how that works.
An example of this: What is a rock?
It's a collection of atoms and molecules that are stuck together by electromagnetic forces.
We don't think of them that way, we just think of them as rocks, but they are held together
by forces on the atomic and molecular scale, and they bind together and then we get what
we call the solid object called a rock.
If those forces did not work on you as a particle, you have no occasion to bind with any other
particle.
You have no occasion—you have no ambitions of ever becoming a solid object.
It's a different kind of world, that would be.
We would not expect that world to have life as we know it, because life requires an assembly
of molecules to turn it into some separate entity distinct from everything else that
then has fascinating chemical properties that we call life.
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REMOVE DARKNESS FROM LIPS FOREVER | LIGHTEN DARK LIPS NATURALLY IN 5 DAYS - Duration: 3:33.
For more infomation >> REMOVE DARKNESS FROM LIPS FOREVER | LIGHTEN DARK LIPS NATURALLY IN 5 DAYS - Duration: 3:33. -------------------------------------------
Alien BASES On Dark Side of The Moon Exposed - Duration: 10:11.
For more infomation >> Alien BASES On Dark Side of The Moon Exposed - Duration: 10:11. -------------------------------------------
Dark & Brown Tapra I Christmas Day I Mustafa Goat Farm I Javaid Nihari I Couple I Parrot Studio - Duration: 1:46.
Subscribe Now Parrot Studio
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DARK - Duration: 1:59.
Yesterday, today and tomorrow are not consecutive.
They are connected in a never-ending circle.
The beginning is the end,
and the end is the beginning.
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Inside Amber Portwood's Boyfriend's Dark Past – Arrested Multiple Times - Duration: 4:07.
Inside Amber Portwood's Boyfriend's Dark Past – Arrested Multiple Times For Possession Of Heroin And Ecstasy, Driving Under The Influence And More!
Although Amber Portwood's new beau Andrew Glennon has been pretty open about his depression and alcohol abuse, we wonder if the Teen Mom star knows about his battle with drug use and problems with the law! We have learned that Glennon was arrested for possession of ecstasy, heroin and other harmful substances once, but that was not his last encounter with the law.
According to court documents obtained from the L.A.
Superior Court, the man was arrested in April of 2009.
'[Andrew Glennon] unlawfully possessed a controlled substance, to wit, heroin.
[Glennon] unlawfully possessed a controlled substance, to wit, MDMA (Ecstasy),' the papers read.
He was also charged with being under the influence of CNS stimulant, a medication usually used for treating ADHD.
At the time of his arrest, Glennon was held on a $10,000 bail.
He pled guilty and was placed on three years long probation.
He was also required to attend psychological counseling, alcohol and drug treatment, narcotic replacement therapy, drug education, to register as a narcotics offender, not possess or use any alcohol or narcotics.
Finally, he was also ordered to pay court fines.
But Glennon broke his probation in 2010 when he was arrested for possessing a deadly weapon and firearms.
He was held on $170,000 bail but pled not guilty, and the accusations against him were then dismissed.
Four years later, he had yet another encounter with the law when he was arrested for drinking and driving.
He spent 96 hours in jail and was ordered to pay court fines and fees.
As you may remember, back in September, the man opened up about his struggle with depression and alcohol abuse.
'I've been through so much pain in my life.
My father was diagnosed with prostate cancer while my mother was fighting breast cancer.
I prepped myself to potentially lose both my parents.
My mother survived, but my father didn't.
Depression, drinking and throwing my heart through any open door.
It nearly cost my life,' he shared.
Amber and her boyfriend are now expecting a baby together.
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How To Remove Dark Spots | How To Clear Skin | Dark Spots On Face Removal | Strawberries & ACV - Duration: 3:02.
Hello friends my name is Tricia and today, I will tell you how to remove dark spots
I will tell you how to clear skin at home with the best home remedies
I will tell you how to remove dark spots with strawberries and apple cider vinegar
This remedy is popular all over the world for dark spots removal
I will tell you more about this remedy and some cautions at the end of this video, but first
I will tell you how to use this remedy, so let's start our video
But first be sure to subscribe to our channel for more health & beauty videos like this
Info this strong face mask acts as a very gentle version of a chemical peel that you can do in the comfort of your own
home
What you need?
3 to 5 strawberries a fork 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar
how to use
Step 1 mash the strawberries into a pulp using a fork
Step 2 add the apple cider vinegar to the crushed strawberries
Step 3 apply the paste all over your face and leave it on for 20 minutes
Step 4 wash off with water how often?
Twice a week
Warnings don't forget to apply sunscreen after using any of the home remedies as the acidic property of
Strawberries can make your skin extra sensitive to the UV rays of the Sun
Tips use only organic
strawberries non organic
Strawberries could have all sorts of pesticides and insecticides on their skin that do not wash away with water and could harm your skin
Extra info who doesn't love strawberries they look cute. They taste great as a fruit
They've got everything going on for them, but did you know they also work wonders for removing dark spots and brightening your skin?
Strawberries contain salicylic acid which is a really popular ingredient used in many skincare products as it is a great?
Exfoliant and effectively removes all dead skin cells it
moisturizes and softens skins from within but most importantly
strawberries contain alpha hydroxy acids that peel away the topmost layer of your skin and add lactic acids that are
Responsible for bleaching away those dark spots and lightening your overall skin tone by inhibiting the production of melanin in your skin
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Riverdale: Black Hood, Bughead, dark Betty, le pire et le meilleur de 2017 - Duration: 7:19.
For more infomation >> Riverdale: Black Hood, Bughead, dark Betty, le pire et le meilleur de 2017 - Duration: 7:19. -------------------------------------------
Dark Souls III Early Game Twinkling Titanite, Estus Shard, CSSR - Duration: 2:37.
Hello everyone, Talsiyan here.
In this video, I'll be showing you guys
how to find Twinkling Titanite, Covetous Silver Serpent Ring
and an estus shard in early game(in ds3)
I'm currently at Firelink Shrine Bonfire
From here, you will just go to the upstairs
There is an item here, take it
And after that, you will turn around
and try to jump, like this
It's a little bit hard but, (I'm sure) you can manage it
You will take this item which is homeward bone.
(Running towards to other side)
There will be a small lizard here
You will try to kill and you have to be successful about it(to get the item)
After we kill it, it will give you a twinkling titanite
After that, you will go to the backside,
You will get in here
There is a bird nest, you can use it to trade items(which is useful)
You can check from google(to know which items can be traded)
So, there is an illusory wall here
you have to hit like one time, after that the wall disappears
You will jump through here,
There is a chest here, look at what we'll find*, CSSR*
So that's all guys, later
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Top 11 Dark And Mysterious Secrets Of America - Duration: 12:30.
From disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle to children working in warehouses, here are
11 dark and mysterious secrets of America.
11.)
Roanoke Colony Roanoke Colony was established in 1585 on
Roanoke Island in what is today's Dare County, North Carolina.
Today, the colony is known as the "Lost Colony" because the settlers of this area
mysteriously vanished, only leaving behind a coded message.
The story goes that due to the lack of supplies, Captain John White was forced to return to
England, leaving behind his friends and family.
When he finally returned to the new world, three years later, he came back to a deserted
settlement.
The only remaining evidence that anyone had been there were the words 'CRO' and 'CROATOAN'
carved on two trees.
White took the letters to mean that the colonists had moved to Croatoan Island, some 50 miles
away, but a later search of the island found none of the settlers.
Recent archeologist evidence shows that the three years John White was away, the colony
would have dealt with extreme drought.
These conditions undoubtedly contributed to the demise of the so-called Lost Colony, but
where the settlers went after they left Roanoke remains one of America's mysteries.
10.)
Area 51 In the Nevada Desert, there is said to be
an area full of mysteries that includes governmental agencies and Aliens.
This are is protected by a chain link fence, intimidating trespassing signs, a boom gate,
which is a bar or pole pivoted to allow the boom to block vehicular access through a controlled
point.
and cameras lurking around every corner.
Some say this is home to UFO spaceships which have crashed in the states while others believe
this is where studies are done on Aliens.
Must of this mystery comes from a variety of said UFO sightings in the area and testimony
from a retired Army colonel who said he was given access to extraterrestrial materials
gathered from an alien spacecraft that crashed in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947.
Other claims state that there is no such thing as any UFO evidence in Area 51 and that it
is just a regular military base.
But the mystery surrounding Area 51 remains one of America's biggest mysteries as while
people know it exists, the government will not discuss why it exists.
And now for number 9, but first be sure to subscribe!!!
9.)
Andersonville POW camp in Georgia For the last year during the American Civil
War, February 1864-April 1865, the state of Georgia was home to a notorious Confederate
military prison called Andersonville.
The official name was Camp Sumter and was the South's largest prison for captured
Union soldiers.
It was known for its unsanitary conditions and death toll.
It is reported that about 13,000 Union soldiers died within the walls of this camp, which
was the highest mortality rate of all Civil War prison camps.
The camp itself housed four times its capacity amount at one time, with holding about 45,000
union soldiers total.
The small stream that served as the camp's primary water supply, both for drinking and
bathing, was polluted by the unsanitary habits of some inmates and by sewage and other garbage
dumped into the swampy area that fed the stream.
It was commanded by Captain Henry Wirz, who was tried and executed after the war for war
crimes.
Today, Andersonville is a national historic site which you can visit to experience a secret
part of the American Civil War.
8.)
Time Travel According to Seattle based attorney, Andrew
D. Basiago, time travel is one of America's biggest secrets, known as Project Pegasus.
In 1968, this program was the classified, defense-related research and development program
under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in which the US defense-technical community
achieved time travel on behalf of the US government.
Along with Basiago, the program reportedly had 139 other school children.
Basiago stated, "They trained children along with adults so they could test the mental
and physical effects of time travel on kids."
Basiago continues on with this secret, saying he took part in 8 different time travel events,
and can be seen in a photograph of Abraham Lincoln as Gettysburg.
Today, it is said that time travel is perfected to the point that it can allow any American
citizen to go into the past or the future.
However, security measures still need to be completed so criminals cannot use the machine.
7.)
America's Lost City Long before Columbus reached the Americas,
Cahokia was the biggest, most multicultural city north of Mexico.
However, by 1350 it had been deserted by its native inhabitants, the Mississippians and,
to this day, it remains a mystery why.
Cahokia is said to have had a population the size of London and was located about eight
miles from present-day St Louis.
Reportedly, this city was filled with large pyramids and lands prone to flooding.
The city was supposedly between ix and nine square miles in area, with 120 earthen mounds
inside its rough borders.
Archeologists believe the decline of the city would have been caused by a continuous threat,
however, people can only theorize what happened to America's lost city.
Perhaps they had exhausted the land's resources, as some scholars theorize, or were the victims
of political and social unrest, climate change, or extended droughts.
6.)
Mexican Deportation When the Great Depression hit, several people
believed that the Mexicans had caused the event.
It did not take long for the governmental agency, Immigration and Naturalization Service,
to begin round up Mexicans, including American Citizens, and send them back to Mexico without
due process.
This Mexican Repatriation occurred between 1929 and 1936, with an estimated range of
500,000 to 2 million Mexican-Americans sent back.
Reportedly, it is believed that about 60 percent of the Mexican-Americans sent back were born
in the United States.
The hardest part in studying this historical event for anyone is that very little records
were kept by the government because relatively few of them were expelled under formal INS-directed
removal proceedings.
In 2005, the State of California passed the "Apology Act for the 1930s Mexican Repatriation
Program", apologizing for the state government's role in the repatriation.
5.)
Spontaneous Human Combustion Over the past 300 years, there have been more
than 200 reports of Spontaneous Human Combustion.
This is when people randomly burst into flames by a fire started inside their body, resulting
in death has been an American mystery for decades.
The limbs, such as the hands, feet, or parts of the leg often remaining intact.
But the torso and head are charred beyond any recognition and, in some rare cases, the
internal organs of a victim remain untouched.
Another interesting tidbit of this mystery is that the rooms, where people have reportedly
burned, often have a sweet smoky smell and has a greasy residue on furniture and walls,
other than this, nothing points to a fire of some sort.
4.)
Bermuda Triangle Mystery For decades, the Bermuda Triangle, and area
in the Atlantic Ocean roughly bounded by Miami, Bermuda and Puerto Rico, has been a source
of mystery.
This is an area where dozen of airplanes and ships have disappeared including El Faro,
a cargo ship with 33 on board, and the USS Cyclops, resulting in the largest non-combat
loss of life in U.S. Navy's history.
It is reported that at least 75 ships along with hundreds of airplanes have met their
fate in the area of the Bermuda Triangle.
Scientists have studied the area for years, wondering what would be the cause of the deadly
mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.
They have pondered theories such as paranormal situations, electromagnetic interference that
causes compass problems, bad weather, the gulf stream, and large undersea fields of
methane.
And most recently, hexagonal clouds creating 170 mph air bombs full of wind.
These air pockets cause all the mischief, sinking ships and downing planes.
However, no one can say anything is the cause of all these disappearances with 100 percent
certainty, which makes this American mystery continue its storyline.
3.)
Children in Warehouses In the early 1900s, hundreds of thousands
of children were warehoused in institutions and the government did nothing to stop it,
becoming one of America's deep, dark secrets.
Children who were houses in these institutions were called "feeble-minded" however, many
were not.
The most infamous school of this kind is called The Fernald School, which housed about 2,500
children at its peak.
This school was built in 1888 in Massachusetts and holds a terrible legacy of exposing children
to semi-secret radiation testing.
Overseen by researchers from Harvard and MIT and with funding from the Quaker Oats company,
the inmates were systematically exposed to small doses of radiation and their absorption
of the toxic energy was monitored.
It wasn't until the 1970s that the facility began to make positive changes, after being
sued for his horrible conditions.
Finally, the facility closed in 2014 and now you can view the facility behind the no trespassing
signs.
2.)
No News on the Sinking of the Sultana On April 27, 1865 when the steamboat the Sultana
sunk, killing more people than the Titanic, very little was said about this disaster.
The steamer registered at about 1,719 tons and normally carried a crew of 85.
For two years, the Sultana ran a regular route between St. Louis and New Orleans, frequently
commissioned to carry troops.
Even though the Sultana had a capacity of only 376 passengers, but she was carrying
2,155.
1.192 passengers were killed when three of the boat's four boilers exploded and she burned
to the waterline and sank near Memphis, Tennessee.
Many people believe that this event carried very little news because it was overshadowed
by the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
Furthermore, it was the day before that John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's killer, was killed.
In fact, the little news of the sinking of the Sultana carries into today, making it
one of America's unintended dark secrets.
1.)
MOVE black liberation group MOVE was a Philadelphia-based black liberation
group founded by John Africa in the 1970s.
The group lived communally and frequently engage in public demonstrations against racism,
police brutality, and other issues.
This movement, today, has become a hidden fact in American history, developing this
moment and the actions between them and the Philadelphia Police Department a secret in
American history.
One of the most notorious actions between the two occurred in 1985 when a police helicopter
dropped a bomb on their compound, causing a fire, and killing eleven move members.
Furthermore, this action destroyed about 65 houses, leaving the majority of the group
homeless.
It is stated the attack started because the members of the group refused arrest due to
illegal firearms and violating parole.
In the aftermath of the bombing, Mayor Wilson Goode tasked a commission with investigating
the actions of the police; they produced a report condemning the bombing, although no
one was ever charged for their actions.
Thanks for watching!
Be sure to subscribe and let us know what you would like to see in future videos in
the comments below!!
See you next time on Awesome America!!!
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Dark Souls III Getting A Titanite Scale Early Game - Duration: 2:30.
Hello everyone, Talsiyan here.
In this video, I'll be showing you guys;
how to get a titanite scale in early game(in ds3)
As you can see, from cemetery of ash bonfire,
this time, (confusion), we move backwards
(and now)We take a turn to the left side
Even there is a message here, 'Turn Back'
That's not easy for starters but
If you can manage it, that would be amazing(in early game)
There is a lizard here, a big one
After we come to this place;
He just tries to destroy us.
You need to be careful and watch his moves
Because it damages a lot.
And this requires some patience
See that tail attack? That is dangerous
After you land couple of hits(fast), he will get stunned
Naah, it's not working(he is not getting stunned)
(I was almost dying recording this XD)
That is way too dangerous(Panicking)
(Gibberish)
I can even die, yeah, I'm out of flask
See guys, that's a titanite scale
Which is required to upgrade boss soul weapons/some special weapons
And there is also a soul of unknown traveller here
That's all guys, see you next time.
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